Demonstrating a duplex TRIP/TWIP titanium alloy via the introduction of metastable retained β-phase

This study demonstrates transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in conjunction with twinning-induced (TWIP) α + β titanium alloys by introducing metastable retained β-phase. By annealing at 850 °C followed water quenching, β-phase (∼25%) was obtained Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Stress-induced phase transformation the produced orthorhombic α′′-martensite associated (021)α′′ twinning, which significantly increased work-hardening rate and uniform elongation. The findings reveal that minor is responsible for macroscopic deformation behavior could aid novel alloy design can increase work hardenability fewer alloying elements than currently available β-titanium alloys.